鈦合(he)(he)(he)金(jin)(jin)耐(nai)(nai)磨(mo)板(ban)(ban)因其強度(du)(du)高(gao)(gao)、重(zhong)量輕、結(jie)構剛性好等(deng)優點而受到廣泛的(de)(de)認可(ke)(ke)。高(gao)(gao)強鈦合(he)(he)(he)金(jin)(jin)Ti-6Al-4V不僅可(ke)(ke)用于(yu)(yu)航空領域(yu)，也是(shi)汽(qi)(qi)車、化工(gong)(gong)等(deng)其它(ta)工(gong)(gong)業(ye)領域(yu)用結(jie)構件(jian)的(de)(de)重(zhong)要候選(xuan)材(cai)料。Ti-6Al-4V合(he)(he)(he)金(jin)(jin)耐(nai)(nai)磨(mo)板(ban)(ban)在室(shi)溫(wen)(wen)下(xia)的(de)(de)可(ke)(ke)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)性非常(chang)有(you)(you)限(xian)，成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)后(hou)的(de)(de)回(hui)彈很(hen)大，這給傳統的(de)(de)沖(chong)壓(ya)和壓(ya)力成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)帶來(lai)(lai)很(hen)多問題。盡管(guan)高(gao)(gao)溫(wen)(wen)下(xia)，Ti-6Al-4V合(he)(he)(he)金(jin)(jin)耐(nai)(nai)磨(mo)板(ban)(ban)的(de)(de)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)極限(xian)會有(you)(you)所提高(gao)(gao)，回(hui)彈會減小，但(dan)室(shi)溫(wen)(wen)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)在節約成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)本方面還是(shi)具有(you)(you)很(hen)大的(de)(de)優勢。軋制成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)是(shi)一種利(li)用旋轉的(de)(de)軋輥使金(jin)(jin)屬(shu)坯(pi)料逐步(bu)變(bian)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)而制成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)工(gong)(gong)件(jian)的(de)(de)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)方法，適合(he)(he)(he)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)強度(du)(du)高(gao)(gao)且可(ke)(ke)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)性有(you)(you)限(xian)的(de)(de)結(jie)構件(jian)，被越來(lai)(lai)越多的(de)(de)應用在汽(qi)(qi)車工(gong)(gong)業(ye)中(zhong)，主要用于(yu)(yu)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)超高(gao)(gao)強度(du)(du)鋼(gang)(gang)、高(gao)(gao)強度(du)(du)鋼(gang)(gang)等(deng)。由于(yu)(yu)軋制成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)過程中(zhong)，材(cai)料的(de)(de)回(hui)彈角小并且可(ke)(ke)通過簡單易行的(de)(de)方法進行回(hui)彈補償，因此，軋制成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)是(shi)Ti-6Al-4V合(he)(he)(he)金(jin)(jin)耐(nai)(nai)磨(mo)板(ban)(ban)室(shi)溫(wen)(wen)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)的(de)(de)一種有(you)(you)效(xiao)方法。為(wei)此，Ossama等(deng)對經820℃退(tui)火處(chu)理后(hou)的(de)(de)2mm厚高(gao)(gao)強Ti-6Al-4V合(he)(he)(he)金(jin)(jin)耐(nai)(nai)磨(mo)板(ban)(ban)在室(shi)溫(wen)(wen)下(xia)的(de)(de)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)及(ji)回(hui)彈行為(wei)進行了實驗室(shi)研(yan)究。

　　實驗選用的Ti-6Al-4V合金耐磨板的(de)(de)(de)原始組織由93.86%的(de)(de)(de)等(deng)軸α相和6.14%的(de)(de)(de)β相組成(cheng)，平均(jun)晶粒尺寸為1.3μm±0.7μm。室(shi)溫拉伸測(ce)試(shi)(shi)結果表(biao)明，其各向異性(xing)較(jiao)大，與軋制方向成(cheng)45°方向時，試(shi)(shi)樣(yang)的(de)(de)(de)屈服強(qiang)度最低，延伸率較(jiao)高，且當達到(dao)極限(xian)強(qiang)度時，試(shi)(shi)樣(yang)會很快(kuai)發生斷(duan)裂。成(cheng)形極限(xian)測(ce)試(shi)(shi)試(shi)(shi)驗在(zai)裝有(you)半(ban)球(qiu)狀沖頭的(de)(de)(de)設備(bei)上完成(cheng)，半(ban)球(qiu)沖頭的(de)(de)(de)直徑(jing)為60mm。采用裝有(you)4個(ge)先進CCD相機(ji)的(de)(de)(de)光(guang)學應變(bian)測(ce)量系(xi)統(tong)“AutogridVario”來(lai)記錄每(mei)個(ge)試(shi)(shi)樣(yang)完整的(de)(de)(de)變(bian)形歷(li)史。通過設計不同(tong)的(de)(de)(de)試(shi)(shi)樣(yang)形狀來(lai)測(ce)試(shi)(shi)不同(tong)應變(bian)路徑(jing)的(de)(de)(de)變(bian)形行為。

　　實驗發現(xian)，所有(you)(you)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)試樣均(jun)在半(ban)(ban)(ban)球沖頭的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)頂部突然發生斷裂，斷裂前沒有(you)(you)明顯的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)頸縮現(xian)象，說明該合金的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)室溫(wen)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)形(xing)(xing)(xing)性是(shi)非(fei)常有(you)(you)限的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)。對(dui)比(bi)(bi)分析了Ti-6Al-4V合金耐磨(mo)板(ban)室溫(wen)彎曲和軋(ya)制(zhi)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)形(xing)(xing)(xing)時的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)變(bian)(bian)形(xing)(xing)(xing)行為。結果表明，擺錘折疊彎曲試驗和V型模彎曲試驗的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)最小(xiao)(xiao)彎曲半(ban)(ban)(ban)徑(jing)為9mm，而(er)軋(ya)制(zhi)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)形(xing)(xing)(xing)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)最小(xiao)(xiao)彎曲半(ban)(ban)(ban)徑(jing)為7.51mm，提高(gao)(gao)(gao)了15%以(yi)(yi)上。軋(ya)制(zhi)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)形(xing)(xing)(xing)可(ke)以(yi)(yi)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)形(xing)(xing)(xing)更小(xiao)(xiao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)半(ban)(ban)(ban)徑(jing)尺寸且比(bi)(bi)簡(jian)單的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)彎曲成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)形(xing)(xing)(xing)回彈更小(xiao)(xiao)。這主要是(shi)由于軋(ya)制(zhi)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)形(xing)(xing)(xing)是(shi)一(yi)個多(duo)工步(bu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)累積變(bian)(bian)形(xing)(xing)(xing)過程，逐(zhu)步(bu)多(duo)次變(bian)(bian)形(xing)(xing)(xing)可(ke)以(yi)(yi)抑制(zhi)裂紋的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)長大，同時使(shi)材料的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)變(bian)(bian)形(xing)(xing)(xing)比(bi)(bi)普通(tong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)一(yi)次變(bian)(bian)形(xing)(xing)(xing)更加充分。另(ling)外，在高(gao)(gao)(gao)強鋼(gang)軋(ya)制(zhi)過程中(zhong)經常出現(xian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)形(xing)(xing)(xing)狀缺(que)陷(xian)在Ti-6Al-4V合金軋(ya)制(zhi)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)形(xing)(xing)(xing)過程中(zhong)相(xiang)對(dui)較少。可(ke)見，軋(ya)制(zhi)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)形(xing)(xing)(xing)是(shi)室溫(wen)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)形(xing)(xing)(xing)航(hang)空及(ji)汽車結構(gou)件用高(gao)(gao)(gao)強鈦合金耐磨(mo)板(ban)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)很有(you)(you)潛力的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)工藝方案。